README.md

@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ fun main(args: Array<String>) = cli("application") {
     // declare command "greet"
     command("greet") {
         // declare arguments
-        val speakersArg by Argument.string("speakers").variable(min = 1)
+        val speakersArg by argument.string("speakers").variable(min = 1)
 
         // declare options
-        val greetingOpt by Option.string("greeting", "greet", "g").orElse("Hello")
+        val greetingOpt by option.string("greeting", "greet", "g").orElse("Hello")
-        val nameOpt by Option.string("name", "n").orNull()
+        val nameOpt by option.string("name", "n").orNull()
 
         execute {
             // retrieve the arguments and options
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ fun main(args: Array<String>) = cli("application") {
     }
 
     // declare fallback command
-    fallback("value") { valueArg ->
+    fallback.string("value") { valueArg ->
         execute {
             // retrieve the value used for the fallback command
             val value by valueArg

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/command/Command.kt

@@ -1,20 +1,22 @@
 package com.infendro.cli.command
 
 import com.infendro.cli.Dsl
+import com.infendro.cli.command.argument.Argument
 import com.infendro.cli.command.context.Context
-import com.infendro.cli.command.context.Parser
+import com.infendro.cli.command.context.ContextParser
 import com.infendro.cli.command.help.DefaultHelpRenderer
 import com.infendro.cli.command.help.HelpRenderer
+import com.infendro.cli.command.option.Option
 import com.infendro.cli.exception.build.*
+import com.infendro.cli.parser.*
+import com.infendro.cli.util.Regex
 import com.infendro.cli.util.Regex.ARGUMENT
-import com.infendro.cli.util.Regex.COMMAND
 import com.infendro.cli.util.Regex.OPTION
 import kotlin.reflect.KProperty
 
-class Command private constructor(
+sealed class Command private constructor(
     val parent: Command?,
     val name: String,
-    val fallback: Boolean,
     val commands: List<Command>,
     val arguments: List<Argument<*>>,
     val options: List<Option<*>>,
@@ -31,60 +33,130 @@ class Command private constructor(
         get() = renderer.render(this)
 
     fun run(args: Array<String>) {
-        when (val result = Parser(this, args).parse()) {
+        when (val result = ContextParser(this, args).parse()) {
-            is Parser.Result.Success -> result.context.execute()
+            is ContextParser.Result.Success -> result.context.execute()
-            is Parser.Result.Help -> result.command.help?.let { println(it) }
+            is ContextParser.Result.Help -> result.command.help?.let { print(it) }
-            is Parser.Result.Failure -> {
+            is ContextParser.Result.Failure -> {
-                println("error: ${result.exception.message}")
+                println("error: ${result.error.message}")
-                result.command.help?.let { println("\n$it") }
+                result.command.help?.let {
+                    println()
+                    print(it)
+                }
             }
         }
     }
 
+    class Named(
+        parent: Command?,
+        name: String,
+        commands: List<Command>,
+        arguments: List<Argument<*>>,
+        options: List<Option<*>>,
+        execute: Context.() -> Unit,
+        renderer: HelpRenderer,
+    ) : Command(parent, name, commands, arguments, options, execute, renderer) {
+        class Builder(
+            name: String,
+        ) : Command.Builder<Named>(name) {
+            override fun create() =
+                Named(parent, name, commands, arguments, options, execute, renderer)
+        }
+    }
+
+    class Fallback<T : Any>(
+        parent: Command?,
+        val key: Key<T>,
+        val parser: Parser<T>,
+        name: String,
+        commands: List<Command>,
+        arguments: List<Argument<*>>,
+        options: List<Option<*>>,
+        execute: Context.() -> Unit,
+        renderer: HelpRenderer,
+    ) : Command(parent, name, commands, arguments, options, execute, renderer) {
+        class Builder<T : Any>(
+            val parser: Parser<T>,
+            name: String,
+        ) : Command.Builder<Fallback<T>>(name) {
+            internal val key = Key<T>()
+
+            override fun create() =
+                Fallback(parent, key, parser, name, commands, arguments, options, execute, renderer)
+        }
+
+        class Key<T>
+    }
+
     @Dsl
-    class Builder internal constructor(
+    sealed class Builder<COMMAND : Command>(
-        private val level: Int,
+        protected val name: String,
-        private val name: String,
-        private val fallback: Boolean,
-        var renderer: HelpRenderer,
     ) {
-        private var parent: Command? = null
+        protected var parent: Command? = null
-        private val builders = mutableListOf<Builder>()
+        private val builders = mutableListOf<Builder<*>>()
-        private val arguments = mutableListOf<Argument<*>>()
+        protected val commands = mutableListOf<Command>()
-        private val options = mutableListOf<Option<*>>()
+        protected val arguments = mutableListOf<Argument<*>>()
-        private lateinit var _execute: Context.() -> Unit
+        protected val options = mutableListOf<Option<*>>()
+        private var _execute: (Context.() -> Unit)? = null
+        private var _renderer: HelpRenderer? = null
 
-        private val key: Key
+        protected val execute: Context.() -> Unit
-            get() = Key(level)
+            get() = _execute!!
+        protected val renderer: HelpRenderer
+            get() = _renderer!!
 
-        fun command(name: String, block: Builder.() -> Unit) {
+        fun command(name: String, block: Builder<*>.() -> Unit) {
             validateCommand(name)
-            builders += Builder(level + 1, name, fallback = false, renderer).apply(block)
+            builders += Named.Builder(name).apply(block)
         }
 
-        fun fallback(name: String, block: Builder.(Key) -> Unit) {
+        inner class FallbackFactory {
-            validateCommand(name)
+            fun string(name: String, block: Builder<*>.(Fallback.Key<String>) -> Unit) =
-            builders += Builder(level + 1, name, fallback = true, renderer).apply { block(key) }
+                fallback(StringParser, name, block)
+
+            fun int(name: String, block: Builder<*>.(Fallback.Key<Int>) -> Unit) =
+                fallback(IntParser, name, block)
+
+            fun long(name: String, block: Builder<*>.(Fallback.Key<Long>) -> Unit) =
+                fallback(LongParser, name, block)
+
+            fun float(name: String, block: Builder<*>.(Fallback.Key<Float>) -> Unit) =
+                fallback(FloatParser, name, block)
+
+            fun double(name: String, block: Builder<*>.(Fallback.Key<Double>) -> Unit) =
+                fallback(DoubleParser, name, block)
+
+            fun boolean(name: String, block: Builder<*>.(Fallback.Key<Boolean>) -> Unit) =
+                fallback(BooleanParser, name, block)
+
+            inline fun <reified T : Enum<T>> enum(name: String, noinline block: Builder<*>.(Fallback.Key<T>) -> Unit) =
+                fallback(enumParser<T>(), name, block)
         }
 
-        fun argument(argument: Argument<*>) {
+        val fallback = FallbackFactory()
+
+        fun <T : Any> fallback(parser: Parser<T>, name: String, block: Fallback.Builder<T>.(Fallback.Key<T>) -> Unit) {
+            validateCommand(name)
+            builders += Fallback.Builder(parser, name).apply { block(key) }
+        }
+
+        fun register(argument: Argument<*>) {
             validateArgument(argument)
             arguments += argument
         }
 
-        fun arguments(vararg arguments: Argument<*>) = arguments.forEach(::argument)
+        fun register(vararg arguments: Argument<*>) = arguments.forEach(::register)
 
-        operator fun <T : Argument<*>> T.provideDelegate(thisRef: Nothing?, property: KProperty<*>) = also(::argument)
+        operator fun <T : Argument<*>> T.provideDelegate(thisRef: Nothing?, property: KProperty<*>) = also(::register)
         operator fun <T : Argument<*>> T.getValue(thisRef: Nothing?, property: KProperty<*>) = this
 
-        fun option(option: Option<*>) {
+        fun register(option: Option<*>) {
             validateOption(option)
             options += option
         }
 
-        fun options(vararg options: Option<*>) = options.forEach(::option)
+        fun register(vararg options: Option<*>) = options.forEach(::register)
 
-        operator fun <T : Option<*>> T.provideDelegate(thisRef: Nothing?, property: KProperty<*>) = also(::option)
+        operator fun <T : Option<*>> T.provideDelegate(thisRef: Nothing?, property: KProperty<*>) = also(::register)
         operator fun <T : Option<*>> T.getValue(thisRef: Nothing?, property: KProperty<*>) = this
 
         fun execute(block: Context.() -> Unit) {
@@ -92,28 +164,35 @@ class Command private constructor(
             _execute = block
         }
 
-        fun build(): Command {
+        fun renderer(renderer: HelpRenderer) {
-            if (!::_execute.isInitialized)
+            validateRenderer()
-                _execute = {}
+            _renderer = renderer
+        }
+
+        internal fun build(): Command {
+            if (_execute == null) _execute = {}
+            if (_renderer == null) _renderer = DefaultHelpRenderer
 
             validate()
+            val command = create()
 
-            val commands = mutableListOf<Command>()
-            val command = Command(parent, name, fallback, commands, arguments, options, _execute, renderer)
             for (builder in builders) {
                 builder.parent = command
                 commands += builder.build()
             }
+
             return command
         }
 
+        internal abstract fun create(): COMMAND
+
         private fun validateCommand(name: String) {
             if (builders.isNotEmpty()) {
                 val last = builders.last()
-                if (last.fallback) throw InvalidCommandOrder()
+                if (last is Fallback.Builder<*>) throw InvalidCommandOrder()
             }
             when {
-                !name.matches(COMMAND) -> throw InvalidCommand(name)
+                !name.matches(Regex.COMMAND) -> throw InvalidCommand(name)
                 builders.any { it.name == name } -> throw DuplicateCommand(name)
             }
         }
@@ -139,18 +218,18 @@ class Command private constructor(
         }
 
         private fun validateExecute() {
-            if (::_execute.isInitialized) throw DuplicateExecute()
+            if (_execute != null) throw DuplicateExecute()
+        }
+
+        private fun validateRenderer() {
+            if (_renderer != null) throw Exception() //TODO
         }
 
         private fun validate() {
-            if (builders.any { it.fallback } && arguments.isNotEmpty()) throw InvalidFallback()
+            if (builders.any { it is Fallback.Builder<*> } && arguments.isNotEmpty()) throw InvalidFallback()
         }
     }
-
-    class Key internal constructor(
-        internal val index: Int,
-    )
 }
 
-fun cli(name: String, block: Command.Builder.() -> Unit) =
+fun cli(name: String, block: Command.Builder<*>.() -> Unit) =
-    Command.Builder(-1, name, fallback = false, DefaultHelpRenderer).apply(block).build()
+    Command.Named.Builder(name).apply(block).build()

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/command/argument/Argument.kt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-package com.infendro.cli.command
+package com.infendro.cli.command.argument
 
 import com.infendro.cli.exception.build.InvalidRange
-import com.infendro.cli.parser.*
+import com.infendro.cli.parser.Parser
 
 sealed class Argument<T : Any>(
     val parser: Parser<T>,
@@ -52,18 +52,4 @@ sealed class Argument<T : Any>(
         min: Int,
         max: Int?,
     ) : Argument<T>(parser, name, min, max)
-
-    companion object {
-        fun string(name: String) = argument(StringParser, name)
-        fun int(name: String) = argument(IntParser, name)
-        fun long(name: String) = argument(LongParser, name)
-        fun float(name: String) = argument(FloatParser, name)
-        fun double(name: String) = argument(DoubleParser, name)
-        fun boolean(name: String) = argument(BooleanParser, name)
-
-        inline fun <reified T : Enum<T>> enum(name: String) = argument(enumParser<T>(), name)
-    }
 }
-
-fun <T : Any> argument(parser: Parser<T>, name: String) =
-    Argument.Required(parser, name)

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/command/argument/ArgumentFactory.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package com.infendro.cli.command.argument
+
+import com.infendro.cli.parser.*
+
+object ArgumentFactory {
+    fun string(name: String) = argument(StringParser, name)
+    fun int(name: String) = argument(IntParser, name)
+    fun long(name: String) = argument(LongParser, name)
+    fun float(name: String) = argument(FloatParser, name)
+    fun double(name: String) = argument(DoubleParser, name)
+    fun boolean(name: String) = argument(BooleanParser, name)
+
+    inline fun <reified T : Enum<T>> enum(name: String) = argument(enumParser<T>(), name)
+}
+
+val argument = ArgumentFactory
+
+fun <T : Any> argument(parser: Parser<T>, name: String) =
+    Argument.Required(parser, name)

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/command/context/Context.kt

@@ -1,65 +1,60 @@
 package com.infendro.cli.command.context
 
 import com.infendro.cli.Dsl
-import com.infendro.cli.command.Argument
 import com.infendro.cli.command.Command
-import com.infendro.cli.command.Option
+import com.infendro.cli.command.argument.Argument
+import com.infendro.cli.command.option.Option
 import kotlin.reflect.KProperty
 
 @Dsl
 class Context internal constructor(
     val command: Command,
-    val commands: List<Cmd>,
+    private val commands: Map<Command.Fallback.Key<*>, Any>,
-    val arguments: List<Arg>,
+    private val arguments: Map<Argument<*>, List<Any>>,
-    val options: List<Opt>,
+    private val options: Map<Option<*>, List<Any>>,
 ) {
-    class Cmd(
-        val name: String,
-    )
-
-    class Arg(
-        val value: Any,
-    )
-
-    class Opt(
-        val name: String,
-        val value: Any,
-    )
-
     internal fun execute() = (command.execute)()
 
     fun help() {
-        command.help?.let { println(it) }
+        command.help?.let { print(it) }
     }
 
-    operator fun Command.Key.getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): String = commands[index].name
+    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
+    private val <T : Any> Command.Fallback.Key<T>.value: T
+        get() = commands[this] as T
 
-    private val <T : Any> Argument<T>.index: Int
+    operator fun <T : Any> Command.Fallback.Key<T>.getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T =
-        get() = command.arguments.takeWhile { it != this }.sumOf { it.count }
+        value
 
     @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
-    private val <T : Any> Argument<T>.value: T?
+    private val <T : Any> Argument<T>.values: List<T>
-        get() = arguments.getOrNull(index)?.value as? T
+        get() = arguments[this] as List<T>
+
+    operator fun <T : Any> Argument.Required<T>.getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T =
+        values.first()
+
+    operator fun <T : Any> Argument.OrElse<T>.getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T =
+        values.firstOrNull() ?: other
+
+    operator fun <T : Any> Argument.OrNull<T>.getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T? =
+        values.firstOrNull()
+
+    operator fun <T : Any> Argument.Variable<T>.getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): List<T> =
+        values
 
     @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
-    private val <T : Any> Argument.Variable<T>.values: List<T>
+    private val <T : Any> Option<T>.values: List<T>
-        get() = arguments.drop(index).take(count).map { it.value as T }
+        get() = options[this] as List<T>
 
-    operator fun <T : Any> Argument.Required<T>.getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T = value!!
+    operator fun <T : Any> Option.Required<T>.getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T =
-    operator fun <T : Any> Argument.OrElse<T>.getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T = value ?: other
+        values.first()
-    operator fun <T : Any> Argument.OrNull<T>.getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T? = value
-    operator fun <T : Any> Argument.Variable<T>.getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): List<T> = values
 
-    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
+    operator fun <T : Any> Option.OrElse<T>.getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T =
-    private val <T : Any> Option<T>.value: T?
+        values.firstOrNull() ?: other
-        get() = options.firstOrNull { it.name in names }?.value as? T
 
-    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
+    operator fun <T : Any> Option.OrNull<T>.getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T? =
-    private val <T : Any> Option.Variable<T>.values: List<T>
+        values.firstOrNull()
-        get() = options.filter { it.name in names }.map { it.value as T }
 
-    operator fun <T : Any> Option.Required<T>.getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T = value!!
+    operator fun <T : Any> Option.Variable<T>.getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): List<T> =
-    operator fun <T : Any> Option.OrElse<T>.getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T = value ?: other
+        values
-    operator fun <T : Any> Option.OrNull<T>.getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T? = value
-    operator fun <T : Any> Option.Variable<T>.getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): List<T> = values
 }

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/command/context/ContextParser.kt

@@ -1,24 +1,13 @@
 package com.infendro.cli.command.context
 
 import com.infendro.cli.command.Command
-import com.infendro.cli.command.context.Context.*
 import com.infendro.cli.exception.run.*
+import com.infendro.cli.parser.Parser
 
-internal class Parser(
+internal class ContextParser(
     private val root: Command,
     private val args: Array<String>,
 ) {
-    private var index = 0
-    private val current: String
-        get() = args[index]
-    private val next: String?
-        get() = args.getOrNull(index)
-
-    private fun hasNext() = index < args.size
-    private fun consume() {
-        index++
-    }
-
     sealed class Result {
         data class Success(
             val context: Context,
@@ -30,40 +19,60 @@ internal class Parser(
 
         data class Failure(
             val command: Command,
-            val exception: RunException,
+            val error: RuntimeError,
         ) : Result()
     }
 
-    fun success(context: Context) = Result.Success(context)
+    private fun success(context: Context) = Result.Success(context)
-    fun help(command: Command) = Result.Help(command)
+    private fun help(command: Command) = Result.Help(command)
-    fun failure(command: Command, exception: RunException) = Result.Failure(command, exception)
+    private fun failure(command: Command, exception: RuntimeError) = Result.Failure(command, exception)
+
+    private var index = 0
+    private val current: String
+        get() = args[index]
+    private val next: String?
+        get() = args.getOrNull(index)
+
+    private fun hasNext() = index < args.size
+    private fun consume() {
+        index++
+    }
 
     fun parse(): Result {
-        var command = root
-        val cmd = mutableListOf<Cmd>()
-        val arg = mutableListOf<Arg>()
-        val opt = mutableListOf<Opt>()
-
         // command
+        var command = root
+        val commands = mutableMapOf<Command.Fallback.Key<*>, Any>()
+
         while (hasNext()) {
             if (current.startsWith("-"))
                 break
 
-            val c = command.commands.firstOrNull { it.name == current || it.fallback }
+            val cmd = command.commands.firstOrNull {
-            if (c == null) {
+                (it is Command.Named && it.name == current) || it is Command.Fallback<*>
+            }
+            if (cmd == null) {
                 when {
                     command.arguments.isEmpty() -> return failure(command, UnknownCommand(current))
                     else -> break
                 }
             }
 
-            command = c
+            command = cmd
-            cmd += Cmd(current)
+            if (cmd is Command.Fallback<*>) {
+                val value = when (val result = cmd.parser.parse(current)) {
+                    is Parser.Result.Success<*> -> result.value
+                    is Parser.Result.Failure<*> -> return failure(command, result.error)
+                }
+                commands[cmd.key] = value
+            }
 
             consume()
         }
 
         // arguments and options
+        val arguments = command.arguments.associateWith { mutableListOf<Any>() }
+        val options = command.options.associateWith { mutableListOf<Any>() }
+
         var endOfOptions = false
         var argumentIndex = 0
         var argumentCount = 0
@@ -78,8 +87,11 @@ internal class Parser(
                     val argument = command.arguments.getOrNull(argumentIndex)
                         ?: return failure(command, UnexpectedArgument())
 
-                    val value = argument.parser.parse(trimmed)
+                    val value = when (val result = argument.parser.parse(trimmed)) {
-                    arg += Arg(value)
+                        is Parser.Result.Success<*> -> result.value
+                        is Parser.Result.Failure<*> -> return failure(command, result.error)
+                    }
+                    arguments[argument]!! += value
                     argumentCount++
 
                     if (argumentCount == argument.count) {
@@ -124,11 +136,15 @@ internal class Parser(
                             ?: return failure(command, UnknownOption(name))
 
                         val value = when {
-                            text != null -> option.parser.parse(text)
+                            text != null ->
+                                when (val result = option.parser.parse(current)) {
+                                    is Parser.Result.Success<*> -> result.value
+                                    is Parser.Result.Failure<*> -> return failure(command, result.error)
+                                }
                             option.flag -> option.fallback!!
                             else -> return failure(command, MissingOptionValue(option))
                         }
-                        opt += Opt(name, value)
+                        options[option]!! += value
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -148,23 +164,18 @@ internal class Parser(
         }
 
         // validate arguments
-        val required = command.arguments.filter { it.required }
+        for (argument in command.arguments) {
-        var consumed = 0
+            val count = arguments[argument]!!.count()
-        for (argument in required) {
+            if (count !in argument.min..argument.count) return failure(command, InvalidArgumentCount(argument, count))
-            val needed = if (argument === required.last()) argument.min else argument.count
-            val delta = arg.size - consumed
-            if (delta < needed) return failure(command, InvalidArgumentCount(argument, delta))
-
-            consumed += needed
         }
 
         // validate options
         for (option in command.options) {
-            val count = opt.count { it.name in option.names }
+            val count = options[option]!!.count()
             if (count !in option.min..option.count) return failure(command, InvalidOptionCount(option, count))
         }
 
-        val context = Context(command, cmd, arg, opt)
+        val context = Context(command, commands, arguments, options)
         return success(context)
     }
 }

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/command/help/DefaultHelpRenderer.kt

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 package com.infendro.cli.command.help
 
-import com.infendro.cli.command.Argument
 import com.infendro.cli.command.Command
-import com.infendro.cli.command.Option
+import com.infendro.cli.command.argument.Argument
+import com.infendro.cli.command.option.Option
 
 object DefaultHelpRenderer : HelpRenderer {
     override fun render(command: Command) = buildString {
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ object DefaultHelpRenderer : HelpRenderer {
         for (command in command.path) {
             append(" ")
             when {
-                command.fallback -> append("<${command.name}>")
+                command is Command.Fallback<*> -> append("<${command.name}>")
                 else -> append(command.name)
             }
         }

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/command/option/Option.kt

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-package com.infendro.cli.command
+package com.infendro.cli.command.option
 
 import com.infendro.cli.exception.build.InvalidRange
 import com.infendro.cli.exception.build.MissingOptionName
-import com.infendro.cli.parser.*
+import com.infendro.cli.parser.Parser
 
 sealed class Option<T : Any>(
     val parser: Parser<T>,
@@ -90,21 +90,4 @@ sealed class Option<T : Any>(
             max: Int?,
         ) : this(parser, null, names, min, max)
     }
-
-    companion object {
-        fun string(vararg names: String) = option(StringParser, *names)
-        fun int(vararg names: String) = option(IntParser, *names)
-        fun long(vararg names: String) = option(LongParser, *names)
-        fun float(vararg names: String) = option(FloatParser, *names)
-        fun double(vararg names: String) = option(DoubleParser, *names)
-        fun boolean(vararg names: String) = option(BooleanParser, true, *names)
-
-        inline fun <reified T : Enum<T>> enum(vararg names: String) = option(enumParser<T>(), *names)
-    }
 }
-
-fun <T : Any> option(parser: Parser<T>, vararg names: String) =
-    Option.Required(parser, names.asList())
-
-fun <T : Any> option(parser: Parser<T>, fallback: T, vararg names: String) =
-    Option.Required(parser, fallback, names.asList())

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/command/option/OptionFactory.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package com.infendro.cli.command.option
+
+import com.infendro.cli.parser.*
+
+object OptionFactory {
+    fun string(vararg names: String) = option(StringParser, *names)
+    fun int(vararg names: String) = option(IntParser, *names)
+    fun long(vararg names: String) = option(LongParser, *names)
+    fun float(vararg names: String) = option(FloatParser, *names)
+    fun double(vararg names: String) = option(DoubleParser, *names)
+    fun boolean(vararg names: String) = option(BooleanParser, true, *names)
+
+    inline fun <reified T : Enum<T>> enum(vararg names: String) = option(enumParser<T>(), *names)
+}
+
+val option = OptionFactory
+
+fun <T : Any> option(parser: Parser<T>, vararg names: String) =
+    Option.Required(parser, names.asList())
+
+fun <T : Any> option(parser: Parser<T>, fallback: T, vararg names: String) =
+    Option.Required(parser, fallback, names.asList())

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/build/BuildException.kt

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-package com.infendro.cli.exception.build
-
-import com.infendro.cli.exception.CliException
-
-abstract class BuildException : CliException()

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/build/CliException.kt

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-package com.infendro.cli.exception
+package com.infendro.cli.exception.build
 
 abstract class CliException : Exception()

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/build/DuplicateCommand.kt

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ package com.infendro.cli.exception.build
 
 class DuplicateCommand(
     val command: String,
-) : BuildException()
+) : CliException()

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/build/DuplicateExecute.kt

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 package com.infendro.cli.exception.build
 
-class DuplicateExecute : BuildException()
+class DuplicateExecute : CliException()

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/build/DuplicateOption.kt

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ package com.infendro.cli.exception.build
 
 class DuplicateOption(
     val name: String,
-) : BuildException()
+) : CliException()

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/build/InvalidArgument.kt

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ package com.infendro.cli.exception.build
 
 class InvalidArgument(
     val name: String,
-) : BuildException()
+) : CliException()

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/build/InvalidArgumentOrder.kt

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 package com.infendro.cli.exception.build
 
-class InvalidArgumentOrder : BuildException()
+class InvalidArgumentOrder : CliException()

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/build/InvalidCommand.kt

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ package com.infendro.cli.exception.build
 
 class InvalidCommand(
     val name: String,
-) : BuildException()
+) : CliException()

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/build/InvalidCommandOrder.kt

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 package com.infendro.cli.exception.build
 
-class InvalidCommandOrder : BuildException()
+class InvalidCommandOrder : CliException()

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/build/InvalidFallback.kt

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 package com.infendro.cli.exception.build
 
-class InvalidFallback : BuildException()
+class InvalidFallback : CliException()

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/build/InvalidOption.kt

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ package com.infendro.cli.exception.build
 
 class InvalidOption(
     val name: String,
-) : BuildException()
+) : CliException()

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/build/InvalidRange.kt

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 package com.infendro.cli.exception.build
 
-class InvalidRange : BuildException()
+class InvalidRange : CliException()

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/build/MissingOptionName.kt

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 package com.infendro.cli.exception.build
 
-class MissingOptionName : BuildException()
+class MissingOptionName : CliException()

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/run/InvalidArgumentCount.kt

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 package com.infendro.cli.exception.run
 
-import com.infendro.cli.command.Argument
+import com.infendro.cli.command.argument.Argument
 
 class InvalidArgumentCount(
     val argument: Argument<*>,
     val count: Int,
-) : RunException() {
+) : RuntimeError() {
     override val message: String
         get() {
             val expected = when {

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/run/InvalidOptionCount.kt

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 package com.infendro.cli.exception.run
 
-import com.infendro.cli.command.Option
+import com.infendro.cli.command.option.Option
 
 class InvalidOptionCount(
     val option: Option<*>,
     val count: Int,
-) : RunException() {
+) : RuntimeError() {
     override val message: String
         get() {
             val expected = when {

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/run/InvalidValue.kt

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import kotlin.reflect.KClass
 class InvalidValue(
     val value: String,
     val type: KClass<*>,
-) : RunException() {
+) : RuntimeError() {
     override val message: String
         get() = """"$value" cannot be converted to ${type.simpleName ?: "Unknown"}"""
 }

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/run/MalformedOption.kt

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package com.infendro.cli.exception.run
 
 class MalformedOption(
     val option: String,
-) : RunException() {
+) : RuntimeError() {
     override val message: String
         get() = """malformed option "$option""""
 }

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/run/MissingOptionValue.kt

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 package com.infendro.cli.exception.run
 
-import com.infendro.cli.command.Option
+import com.infendro.cli.command.option.Option
 
 class MissingOptionValue(
     val option: Option<*>,
-) : RunException() {
+) : RuntimeError() {
     override val message: String
         get() = """no value provided for option "${option.name}""""
 }

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/run/RunException.kt

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-package com.infendro.cli.exception.run
-
-import com.infendro.cli.exception.CliException
-
-abstract class RunException : CliException()

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/run/RuntimeError.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package com.infendro.cli.exception.run
+
+abstract class RuntimeError {
+    abstract val message: String
+}

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/run/UnexpectedArgument.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package com.infendro.cli.exception.run
 
-class UnexpectedArgument : RunException() {
+class UnexpectedArgument : RuntimeError() {
     override val message: String
         get() = """unexpected argument"""
 }

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/run/UnknownCommand.kt

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package com.infendro.cli.exception.run
 
 class UnknownCommand(
     val command: String,
-) : RunException() {
+) : RuntimeError() {
     override val message: String
         get() = """unknown command "$command""""
 }

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/exception/run/UnknownOption.kt

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package com.infendro.cli.exception.run
 
 class UnknownOption(
     val option: String,
-) : RunException() {
+) : RuntimeError() {
     override val message: String
         get() = """unknown option "$option""""
 }

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/parser/BooleanParser.kt

@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
 package com.infendro.cli.parser
 
-import kotlin.reflect.KClass
+object BooleanParser : Parser<Boolean>(Boolean::class) {
-
+    override fun parse(text: String) =
-object BooleanParser : Parser<Boolean> {
+        when (text) {
-    override val type: KClass<Boolean>
+            "true", "t" -> success(true)
-        get() = Boolean::class
+            "false", "f" -> success(false)
-
+            else -> failure(text)
-    override fun parse(text: String): Boolean = when (text) {
+        }
-        "true", "t" -> true
-        "false", "f" -> false
-        else -> invalid(text)
-    }
 }

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/parser/DoubleParser.kt

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 package com.infendro.cli.parser
 
-import kotlin.reflect.KClass
+object DoubleParser : Parser<Double>(Double::class) {
-
+    override fun parse(text: String) =
-object DoubleParser : Parser<Double> {
+        text.toDoubleOrNull()
-    override val type: KClass<Double>
+            ?.let { success(it) }
-        get() = Double::class
+            ?: failure(text)
-
-    override fun parse(text: String): Double = text.toDoubleOrNull()
-        ?: invalid(text)
 }

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/parser/EnumParser.kt

@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@ import kotlin.enums.enumEntries
 import kotlin.reflect.KClass
 
 class EnumParser<T : Enum<T>>(
-    override val type: KClass<T>,
+    type: KClass<T>,
     private val values: List<T>,
-) : Parser<T> {
+) : Parser<T>(type) {
-    override fun parse(text: String): T = values.firstOrNull { it.name == text }
+    override fun parse(text: String) =
-        ?: invalid(text)
+        values.firstOrNull { it.name == text }
+            ?.let { success(it) }
+            ?: failure(text)
 }
 
 inline fun <reified T : Enum<T>> enumParser() = EnumParser(T::class, enumEntries<T>())

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/parser/FloatParser.kt

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 package com.infendro.cli.parser
 
-import kotlin.reflect.KClass
+object FloatParser : Parser<Float>(Float::class) {
-
+    override fun parse(text: String) =
-object FloatParser : Parser<Float> {
+        text.toFloatOrNull()
-    override val type: KClass<Float>
+            ?.let { success(it) }
-        get() = Float::class
+            ?: failure(text)
-
-    override fun parse(text: String): Float = text.toFloatOrNull()
-        ?: invalid(text)
 }

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/parser/IntParser.kt

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 package com.infendro.cli.parser
 
-import kotlin.reflect.KClass
+object IntParser : Parser<Int>(Int::class) {
-
+    override fun parse(text: String) =
-object IntParser : Parser<Int> {
+        text.toIntOrNull()
-    override val type: KClass<Int>
+            ?.let { success(it) }
-        get() = Int::class
+            ?: failure(text)
-
-    override fun parse(text: String): Int = text.toIntOrNull()
-        ?: invalid(text)
 }

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/parser/LongParser.kt

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 package com.infendro.cli.parser
 
-import kotlin.reflect.KClass
+object LongParser : Parser<Long>(Long::class) {
-
+    override fun parse(text: String) =
-object LongParser : Parser<Long> {
+        text.toLongOrNull()
-    override val type: KClass<Long>
+            ?.let { success(it) }
-        get() = Long::class
+            ?: failure(text)
-
-    override fun parse(text: String): Long = text.toLongOrNull()
-        ?: invalid(text)
 }

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/parser/Parser.kt

@@ -1,12 +1,24 @@
 package com.infendro.cli.parser
 
 import com.infendro.cli.exception.run.InvalidValue
+import com.infendro.cli.exception.run.RuntimeError
 import kotlin.reflect.KClass
 
-interface Parser<T : Any> {
+abstract class Parser<T : Any>(
-    val type: KClass<T>
+    val type: KClass<T>,
+) {
+    sealed class Result<T : Any> {
+        data class Success<T : Any>(
+            val value: T,
+        ) : Result<T>()
 
-    fun parse(text: String): T
+        data class Failure<T : Any>(
+            val error: RuntimeError,
+        ) : Result<T>()
+    }
 
-    fun invalid(text: String): Nothing = throw InvalidValue(text, type)
+    protected fun success(value: T) = Result.Success(value)
+    protected fun failure(text: String) = Result.Failure<T>(InvalidValue(text, type))
+
+    abstract fun parse(text: String): Result<T>
 }

src/commonMain/kotlin/com/infendro/cli/parser/StringParser.kt

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 package com.infendro.cli.parser
 
-import kotlin.reflect.KClass
+object StringParser : Parser<String>(String::class) {
-
+    override fun parse(text: String) =
-object StringParser : Parser<String> {
+        success(text)
-    override val type: KClass<String>
-        get() = String::class
-
-    override fun parse(text: String) = text
 }